Personal electronic target vision system, device and method

ABSTRACT

A personal, electronic target vision system renders targets in the field of view of the user in real-time so that the user can visualize where the targets are relative to him, in an orientation analogous to unaided human vision. An electronic vision device exchanges target selection information with a target vision server which returns to the electronic vision device the corresponding selected target location information for rendering selected targets in accordance with the user&#39;s changing viewpoint. The target vision server queries a target information server in order to access, filter and provide the real-time target location information required by the electronic vision device. A surveillance system of sensors and target tracking systems provides the target information server with target location information.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to devices and methods that allow an individualto visualize, through electronic means, targets of interest and theirlocations; and the invention also relates to cloud computing and cloudservices. The invention is particularly useful for visually renderingtargets in a person's field of view that are too far away to see or toodifficult to find by visual observation, unaided or with an opticalinstrument.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Several applications require the means for individuals to easily locatetargets of interest over large geographic regions. For example, airportsspan thousands of acres in extent and birds approaching active runwaysand critical aircraft flight corridors pose a significant hazard toaviation safety. If a trained wildlife biologist can locate such birdsin a timely manner and respond to them, pyrotechnics or other techniquescan be used to persuade the birds to alter their course, reducing therisk of bird strikes with aircraft. Or consider law enforcementpersonnel patrolling vast waterways to protect against criminalactivity. If suspicious or threatening target activity can be detectedand if such targets can be easily located, response vessels cansuccessfully interdict them.

However, providing response personnel with the means to easily locatesuch targets of interest is anything but simple. Prior art systemsinclude sensors carried by individuals, sensors mounted on the platformsthey ride on, and sensors deployed throughout the entire region ofinterest.

Sensors carried by individuals include binoculars, cameras andnight-vision goggles. While these help improve a user's natural visionwith the ability to zoom to distant targets and allowing targets to beseen at night, they are labor intensive and difficult to use whenmultiple targets are present over vast areas at different ranges,bearings and altitudes. Each target must be searched out, one at a time,adjusting direction and zoom factor for each one; and accurate latitude,longitude, and altitude (or azimuth, elevation, range) coordinates aregenerally not available. The sensor's maximum range is also limited; andat an airport, for instance, view will be blocked by urban structuressuch as airport terminal buildings. As a result, targets such as birdswill only be seen in the vicinity of the user, unless multiple personsare deployed around the airport at all times, which is expensive.Finally, target information can not be easily shared with other remoteusers unless high-bandwidth network links are provided to move video,for example, from a head-mounted camera to a remote user; and multipleremote users can not independently control the user-carried sensor fortheir own viewing purposes.

A platform-mounted sensor such as radar mounted on an agile policevessel carrying a few police officers is also limited in performance.Line of sight coverage is limited (because of the low height above thewater available for mounting the sensor) to within a few kilometers ofthe vessel. If the police vessel responds at night by chasing a targetof interest, radar performance will severely degrade due to the impactof vessel dynamics on sensor performance, resulting in target loss. Alarge number of vessels with radars are needed to monitor vast waterareas, making such a system extremely expensive. And the display oftargets by the vessel radar is not user-centric; rather it isvessel-centric (e.g. heads-up display) or north-centric (north-updisplay) making it more difficult for individual users to understandtheir situation, and stay locked on assigned targets, especially incrowded target environments.

Radar networks have been deployed around airports and vast waterways inrecent years to provide wide-area surveillance of bird and aircrafttargets in the air around airports, and small vessels on the water,respectively. A common operating picture (COP) display which provides acombined, earth-coordinates view of targets as seen by the sensornetwork has greatly increased situational awareness to centralizedoperators who have a birds-eye or earth-centric view of the entiregeographic area represented by a map with targets overlaid on top. Whilethis earth-centric view is valuable to centralized operators, it islacking for individual responders who are on the move and attempting torespond to particular targets of interest. The position and orientationof the responder is often not captured by the COP; and transforming froman earth-centric display to a user-centric display coupled withdirecting one's eyes to visually acquire a target of interest isdifficult and non-intuitive. As a result, finding targets of interestwith the aid of the COP is very challenging.

The present invention seeks to overcome the aforementioned limitationsby providing and integrating new capabilities to enable users to easilyvisualize and locate targets of interest in a manner analogous to howtheir natural vision functions, using a personal electronic visiondevice (PEVD).

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

A primary object of the current invention is to provide each of multipleusers with electronic target vision means to automatically detecttargets of interest in his respective field of view in real-time andrender them to him so that he can visualize where the targets arerelative to himself, in an orientation analogous to that observed withunaided human vision or with the aid of an optical instrument.

Another object of the present invention is to provide each user with themeans to define his field of view as a function of his viewing geometry,so that his field of view moves as he turns around.

Another object of the present invention is to provide the user with themeans to specify his targets of interest, based on target types (e.g.aircraft or vessels) or target attributes (e.g. speed, heading, orsize).

Another object of the present invention is to allow groups of users toeasily and efficiently work together when searching out targets in anarea of interest.

Another object of the present invention is that electronic target visionmeans be provided on easy-to-carry-and-use mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs.

Another object of the present invention is to utilize existing targetsurveillance systems, where targets of interest can include aircraft,birds, planets, space objects, vessels, vehicles, animals, and persons.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a personalelectronic vision system wherein users are not required to carry heavyand expensive radar or camera sensors. Yet another object of the presentinvention is to provide such a personal electronic vision system whereinusers are provided with historical target patterns for a particulargeographic area to assist users in where to focus their attention.

These and other objects of the invention will be apparent from thedrawings and descriptions included herein. It is to be noted that eachobject of the invention is achieved by at least one embodiment of theinvention. However, it is not necessarily the case that every embodimentof the invention meets every object of the invention as discussedherein.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention concerns a novel capability for people to gain anintuitive understanding or situational awareness of targets of interest(TOIs) in their immediate environment. TOIs are dynamic in nature (i.e.,moving) and include all types of targets such as aircraft, birds,planets, space objects, vessels, vehicles, animals, and persons. Theintuitive understanding is gained by enabling a perception of thesetargets in a manner analogous to human vision. An individual looks ororients a personal electronic target vision device in a certaindirection and sees or perceives by way of a visual rendering thelocations of TOIs in that direction. As the TOIs move and/or the personcarrying the device moves, the visually perceptible rendering of theTOIs is updated accordingly.

The advent of cloud computing and wide-area surveillance systems asdescribed in (i) “A Commercial Approach to Successful, Persistent RadarSurveillance of Sea, Air and Land along the Northern Border”, Nohara, T.J., 2010 IEEE International Conference on Homeland SecurityTechnologies, Waltham, Mass., 8-10 Nov. 2010; (ii) “Reducing BirdStrikes—New Radar Networks can help make Skies Safer”, Nohara, T J,Journal of Air Traffic Control, Vol 51, No. 3, Summer 2009; and (iii)U.S. Pat. No. 7,940,206 entitled “Low-cost, high-performance radarnetworks”, all of which are incorporated herein by reference, havecreated for the first time the motivation and opportunity to conceive,design and deploy personal target vision systems where the targetsensors are not located on the user.

A personal electronic target vision system in accordance with thepresent invention displays targets to one or more users relative to eachuser's respective location. With a personal electronic vision device(PEVD) carried by a user, targets in the field of view (FOV) of eachuser are rendered in real-time to the user so that the user canvisualize where the targets are relative to himself, with the renderinghaving an aspect or orientation analogous to what the user might seewith his or her eyes unaided with an optical instrument such asbinoculars or a telescope. Each PEVD transmits target selectioninformation to a target vision server which returns to the PEVD thecorresponding selected target location information for rendering to theuser. The target selection information for a given user accounts for theuser's changing view geometry so that the selected targets returned andrendered are in accordance with the user's changing viewpoint. Thetarget vision server queries a target information server in order toaccess, filter and provide the real-time target location informationrequired by each user's electronic vision device. A surveillance system,consisting of any number and types of sensors and target trackingsystems, which are separate from and independent of the users, providesthe target information server with target location information. Systemelements can reside in the Cloud accessible over the Internet and thePEVD can be implemented as a software application on a mobile device. Atanother end of the spectrum of possible approaches, the sensors, thetarget information server and the target vision server are parts of adedicated closed or private system that may be operated by a singleorganization such as a port authority, a border enforcement agency , anairport, etc.

In accordance with the present invention, a real-time personal visionsystem comprises the following elements, which work together to provide(to varying degrees) the desired features listed above:

-   -   1. One or more personal electronic vision devices, each which        connects to a target vision server over a network, either        directly on a private network or over a public network such as        the Internet;    -   2. a target vision server which connects on the one side to one        or more PEVDs and on the other side to a target information        server over computer networks, with any particular network        segment being a private link or a public link such as the        Internet;    -   3. a target information server which connects over computer        networks on the one side to a target vision server and on the        other side to a surveillance system, with any particular network        segment being a private link or a public link such as the        Internet; and    -   4. a surveillance system consisting of one or more sensors for        collecting target location or track information and distributing        the same over a computer network to the target information        server.

The target vision server, target information server and surveillancesystem can each be made up of multiple, respective, target visionservers, target information servers, and surveillance systems dispersedgeographically, owned by different owners, and connected over networksusing methodologies known to those skilled in art. For simplicity andwithout loss of generality, each of these elements are referred to belowin the singular, but a plurality is contemplated as well. Preferably,the surveillance system, target information server and target visionserver provide target location information in earth coordinates (e.g.latitude, longitude, altitude).

The above elements can be deployed together as a single system, by asingle system owner, on either private or public computer networks, oralternatively, they could be viewed as a system of systems whereexisting elements (e.g. a surveillance system and target informationserver) deployed by one owner are used or accessed by other elements(e.g. a target vision server and PEVDs) deployed by another owner. Inthe limiting case, the surveillance system, target information serverand target vision server, in accordance with the present invention, canall exist in the Cloud and be part of Cloud infrastructure, with PEVDssimply operating by subscribing to a Cloud service. System elements canalso be combined in accordance with the present invention. For example,a surveillance system and target information server can be coupledtogether and function together, interfacing directly to the targetvision server. Another example combines the surveillance system, targetinformation server and target vision server so that they function as asingle system connected to PEVDs. These and other variations known tothose skilled in the art are in accordance with the present invention.

A related method in accordance with the present invention comprises:

-   -   operating a PEVD to display to a user the whereabouts or        locations of TOIs in the dynamic FOV of the user, the PEVD        sending user data to a target vision server in response to        changes in the user's view geometry which impact the user's FOV;    -   operating a target vision server which queries a target        information server on behalf of the PEVD to obtain respective        TOT location information and returns the selected target data to        the PEVD; and    -   operating a surveillance system which tracks targets in the        coverage volume of the surveillance system and provides updates        of target locations to the target information server.

It should be noted that in accordance with the present invention, thesurveillance system may include surveillance sensors that are airborneor space-based as well as land-based. As used herein, land-basedincludes being deployed or mounted on the earth (including dry groundand water surfaces), on vehicles or vessels, and on structures that mayrise into the air but are tethered to or mounted on or in contact withthe earth. The land-based surveillance sensors are preferably mounted onpole-tops, towers, or on a re-locatable trailer. The surveillance mayalso use communication-type sensors associated with cooperative targetsto track target locations. For example, automatic identification systems(AIS) for tracking large vessels and automobile GPS sensors are includedamong the sensors contributing to the surveillance system of the presentinvention.

In addition, third-party sensors can also be used to supplement orprovide surveillance coverage volume including national radar networkssuch as NEXRAD, airport surveillance radars, automatic dependentsurveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) sensors and weather radars.

Target location information generated from the various sensors making upthe surveillance system can include 2D (latitude, longitude) and 3D(latitude, longitude, altitude) information, along with speed, heading,radar cross section, and various target attribute and identityinformation as may be available. This same information can be passedonto the PEVD in accordance with this invention to allow the user tofilter TOIs to the greatest possible extent based on user preferences,enhancing user target vision and situational awareness.

A particular feature of the present invention is the user-centric view(presented on a user-centric display) provided by the PEVD, whichovercomes limitations of earth-centric and vessel-centric viewsassociated with prior art systems. Consider the case, for example, of acriminal target accompanied by decoy targets who separate and head offin different directions to confuse authorities and avoid capture.Earth-centric and vessel-centric displays can not be centered onindividual targets by responding users to allow users to keep a closeeye on each TOT until they are all apprehended. This is especiallyimportant because targets may be dropped and reacquired by thesurveillance system that is tracking them. Users need to remain focusedon all TOIs individually so if a particular target is dropped andreacquired, the users know it is the same target. In operations where ateam of responders are in search of such multiple targets, the abilityto assign each responder a particular target who can then be monitoredby the responder's PEVD's user-centric display is valuable forincreasing the probability of apprehension. Each responder can controlhis own PEVD to keep his assigned TOI in view. If a particular TOI ismoving out of the visual display window of the PEVD, the user simplyturns, with his PEVD, towards the target (just like he would with hisown head/eyes) to cause the TOI to move back to the center of thedisplay. If the TOI moves closer to or further away from the user, theuser simply adjusts the zoom and/or range-setting of the PEVD to keepvisual lock on the target; i.e. to keep the target within the displaylimits of the user-centric visual display. These abilities to turn(equivalent to pan left or right), set range interval (i.e. adjust therange window of the display which is equivalent to panning in depth, inand out) and zoom (to control the amount of display area the TOIsoccupy) on each user's PEVD are novel features of the present invention.

The aforementioned turn, set-range-interval, and zoom features are alsovery useful when trying to search out single targets, especially if theuser is moving on a platform such as a vehicle or vessel. The movementof the user introduces accelerations on the scene that would cause theTOI' s to move out of the user's view without the features of thepresent invention. The user-centric view in accordance with the presentinvention makes keeping visual track of individual targets easy andintuitive, similar to looking with the unaided eye, or through anoptical instrument such as binoculars or a telescope. In a preferredembodiment of the present invention, the user can select a particularTOT and have the PEVD lock on that TOI (for example, by automaticallyexploiting the turn, set-range-interval and zoom controls), maintainingit in the display window automatically.

Additional features in accordance with the current invention allow usersto filter or select which particular targets are of interest to them forvisual rendering on their PEVD. The user can restrict TOIs to aparticular set of speeds, headings, radar cross sections, and any othertarget attribute or identity information afforded by the surveillancesystem. So if a user is interested in fast aircraft targets that areheaded in a particular set of directions, setting speed and headingconstraints on his PEVD causes only those TOIs to be displayed. Suchcapabilities are particularly important in dense target environments toreduce the workload of individual users and increase their effectivenessand situational awareness, based on their particular mission. Wherecooperative information such as AIS target identity information isavailable from the surveillance system, users can even specifyparticular targets to be displayed whenever they are present in the FOV.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the PEVD isautomatically notified by the electronic target vision system about thenature of surveillance information and target attributes available inthe user's vicinity, so that the user can easily select from a list ofchoices to indicate the types of targets he is interested in seeing, andhow they should be filtered. Methods such as web services known to thoseskilled in the art allow the PEVD to automatically discover informationavailability and select preferences. Users can subscribe for differenttarget information services, in accordance with the present invention,when such information is provided to users from service providers, usingonline and cloud computing commerce methods known to those skilled inthe art.

The user data exchanged between the PEVD and the target vision servercan vary considerably, in accordance with the present invention. Userdata can include any subset of information from the set consisting ofuser location, user view geometry (i.e. indicative of where the userlooking), TOI preferences as discussed above, FOV definitions for thatuser, etc.; and the target vision server can apply this user data in anymanner to extract and provide selected target data to the PEVD. Forexample, and without loss of generality, the target vision server couldlimit selected target data to only those targets in the user's FOVmeeting all user specifications, or it could send a much broader set ofselected target data to the PEVD, leaving it to the PEVD to do furtherfiltering of the data prior to rendering to the user.

The aforementioned personal electronic target vision system inaccordance with the present invention is described further below inrelation to the figures which detail particular embodiments. Theaforementioned and other novel features of the present invention willbecome apparent in the sequel.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a personal, electronic target vision systemin accordance with the present invention, with surveillance system,target information server, target vision server and personal electronicvision device shown.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the personal,electronic target vision system in accordance with the presentinvention, where the surveillance system resides in the Cloud.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the personal, electronictarget vision system in accordance with the present invention, where thesurveillance system and the target information server reside in theCloud.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the personal, electronictarget vision system in accordance with the present invention, where thesurveillance system, target information server and target vision serverreside in the Cloud.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the personalelectronic vision device in accordance with the present inventionconnected directly to the Cloud.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the personalelectronic vision device and target vision server in accordance with thepresent invention.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the personalelectronic vision device in accordance with the present invention wherethe device is integrated with specialized head gear.

DEFINITIONS

The term “user-centric view” as used herein refers to a graphicrepresentation wherein respective targets, including moving targets,that are present (or were present in the case of a historical targets)at respective locations in the vicinity of a user are displayed in anorientation relative to the user's location and look direction, and onlywhen such respective targets are in the user's defined field of view(FOY). The user's FOV is typically defined as an angular sector centeredabout the user's direction of interest or look direction, which istypically the direction his eyes are pointed towards. The range-intervalof interest can also be defined which denotes the distances from theuser where targets should appear when present. The angular sector istypically specified by horizontal angular limits (bounded by 0 to)360°and vertical angular limits (typically bounded by 0° to 90° when theuser is on the ground but could be −90° to 90° if the user's locationallows his look direction to vary from straight down below to straightup overhead); and his look direction can include both a horizontalbearing angle and a vertical elevation angle. Consider the followingexample. A vessel-A target is located 3 km north of a user, and avessel-B target is located 2 km east of the user. The user and thevessels are at 0′ AGL. If the user look direction is north, vessel-A is3 km straight ahead relative to the user location and vessel-B is 2 kmto the right, relative to the user location. If the FOV (centered on thelook direction) has a horizontal angular sector larger than +/−90°, bothvessels will appear on the user-centric view oriented as describedabove. If the FOV has an angular sector less than +/−90°, then onlyvessel-A will appear. If instead the user (i.e. his look direction)turns to the right looking east, now vessel-B will appear 2 km straightahead and vessel-A will appear 3 km away on the left, relative to theuser location, providing that a sufficiently large FOV is defined,otherwise, only vessel-B will appear. This two-dimensional example canbe extended to three dimensions in a straight-forward manner.

The term “PEVD” as used herein refers to a personal electronic visiondevice carried or worn by a user that presents to the user, user-centricviews of targets of interest that appear in the vicinity of the user.Such presentation includes near-real-time views showing the currentlocation of targets as well as historical views which indicate patternsor summaries where targets have appeared in the past.

The term “user data” as used herein refers to user information such asuser location, FOV and target preference information that is provided bythe user's PEVD for the selection and acquisition of target data to begraphically represented to the user in a user-centric view.

The term “target data” as used herein refers to information abouttargets available for use on a PEVD for the selection and viewing oftargets in user-centric views. Target data includes information such astarget location (e.g. latitude, longitude, altitude), target type (e.g.aircraft, vessel, bird, . . . ), target attributes (e.g. speed, heading,radar cross-section, target ID, . . . ), target tracks, target photos,target videos, target imagery, date, time, etc.

The term “target vision server” as used herein refers to a server in thenature of computer servers that uses user data received from a PEVD toacquire and return selected target data to the PEVD. The target visionserver can take the form of one or more servers or be implemented as acloud service. It acquires target data from one or more private orpublic sources of target data available to it, including targetinformation servers.

The term “target information server” as used herein refers to a serverin the nature of computer servers that acquires target data fromavailable private and/or public sources including sensors, surveillancesystems, third party information systems and services, cooperativereporting and identification systems and services, and computer modelingand tracking systems and services, etc.. The target information serverprovides selected target data to a target vision server upon request.The target information server can take the form of one or more serversor be implemented as a cloud service.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A personal electronic target vision system in accordance with thepresent invention displays targets of interest (TOIs) to one or moreusers relative to each user's respective location. With a personalelectronic vision device (PEVD) carried by a user, targets in the fieldof view (FOV) of each user are rendered in real-time to the user so thateach user can visualize where the targets are relative to himself, withan aspect analogous to how the targets would be seen with the human eye,either directly or via an optical instrument.

The applications for a user-centric, personal target vision system inaccordance with the present invention are numerous. In several respects,a super-human, synthetic target vision capability results which assistsusers in finding TOIs quickly and intuitively, better than they could befound with the unaided or optically aided eye. In homeland securityapplications, responders gain local awareness and safety by being ableto find and focus on targets at long distances and in poor lightingconditions, for example, in maritime environments, where human visionfails. In bird strike prevention applications, wildlife controlpersonnel are assisted in finding hazardous birds of interest that theycan respond to. General aviation pilots can use the system to keep tabson other aircraft in their vicinity especially where air traffic controlservices are not available. The system can be used on the battlefield togive soldiers situational awareness of enemy movements for their ownsafety, as coverage is not limited by the user's line of sight.Recreation applications include bird watching (where the system assistsyou on where to look because it is hard to see birds more than a coupleof hundred meters away), animal hunting in the wild, and fishing (wherethe system alerts you to where other fishing vessels are hanging out).

The system is also useful for cooperative targets. For example, it willwork well for highway safety. Cars on the highway can send their GPSlocations through satellite (e.g. Onstar) to the target informationsystem in accordance with the present invention. Individual vehicleswould then be able to use the PEVD (which can be mounted or integratedinto the vehicle) to display other approaching vehicles, with warningsto the driver. AIS vessel location information can also be sent to thetarget information server in a similar manner. Smaller vessels (who donot carry AIS transponders as they are not required to) can now benefitwith an installed PEVD that reports large AIS-carrying vessels nearby.The surveillance system in accordance with the present invention cantake full advantage of cooperative target tracking data such as vehicleGPS and vessel AIS as illustrated above.

Finally, the personal target vision system in accordance with thepresent invention can also be used to display deterministic targets tousers on PEVDs. For example, planetary and star trajectory computermodels can be used to calculate and send regular location updates to thetarget information server. These celestial targets can then be displayedon PEVDs just like any other cooperative or un-cooperative target. Thepresent invention affords the flexibility to integrate any number andtypes of targets into the surveillance system and target informationserver for use by the target vision server and PEVDs.

In FIG. 1, the personal electronic vision system 10 in accordance withthis invention is shown, consisting of a surveillance system 11, atarget information server 13, a target vision server 16 and the PEVD 17,all as described earlier herein. Surveillance system 11 provides targetinformation to the target information server 13 over a network interface12. Target information server 13 exchanges information with targetvision server 16 also over network interface 15. The PEVD 17communicates with target vision server 16 over network interface 18.Network interfaces 12, 15 and 18 are standard computer network linksknown to those skilled in the art, including wired (e.g. CAT5/6,ethernet, fibre, cable, twisted pair, etc) and wireless (e.g. cellular,point-to-point, WiFi, SATCOM) links forming local area networks (LAN)and wide area networks (WAN). Standard networking protocols known tothose skilled in the art are preferably used over these links, such asTCP/IP, UDP, HTTP, XML, Web Services, SOAP, etc.

In accordance with the present invention, surveillance system 11 ispreferably a wide-area radar network in accordance with U.S. Pat. No.7,940,206 entitled “Low-cost, High-performance Radar Networks”incorporated herein by reference. In addition, for airborne targets ofinterest where 3D target tracks (with latitude, longitude and altitudecoordinates for each target) are desired, the apparatus and methodsdescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,864,103 entitled “Device and Method for 3DHeight Finding Radar” are incorporated herein by reference and arepreferably used in surveillance system 11. Target information server 15is preferably a radar data server in accordance with U.S. Pat. No.7,940,206.

As described earlier, PEVD 17 presents a user-centric view to the user,displaying the whereabouts or locations of TOIs present in the dynamicFOV of the user; and sends user data over network interface 18 to targetvision server 16 in response to changes in the user's view geometrywhich impact the user's FOV, as the user moves, turns,sets-range-interval, or zooms. Target vision server 16 queries targetinformation server 13 on behalf of a PEVD to obtain respective TOIlocation information and returns the selected target data to the PEVD17. Surveillance system 11 tracks targets in the coverage volume of thesurveillance system and provides updates of target locations to targetinformation server 13. PEVD 17 can be a specialized user device or astandard, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS), mobile device such as a smartphone, tablet, ultrabook, laptop, notebook, or other PC device.

In FIG. 2, a particular embodiment of a personnel electronic visionsystem 20 is shown. In this embodiment, surveillance system 11 providestarget information over network interface 12 to the Cloud 80. Targetinformation server 13 gains access to target information provided bysurveillance system 11 over Internet connection 14 (or a private networklink 14 in the case of a private Cloud 80) for use with target visionserver 16 and one or more PEVDs 17. As described earlier, and withoutloss of generality, any of these system elements can be replaced with amultiplicity of them. In all cases, we generally expect a multiplicityof PEVDs. System embodiment 20 is well suited for the case where asurveillance system 11 owner wishes to contribute or make available atarget information feed or service to the Cloud 80 for use andexploitation by personal electronic vision system (PEVS) developers orservice providers. In this case, the PEVS developers or serviceproviders need only deploy target information server(s) 13 and targetvision server(s) 16, along with providing users with PEVDs 17.Recognizing that surveillance system 11 can be a multiplicity ofdifferent surveillance systems providing 2D (e.g. for surface targets)or 3D (e.g. for airborne targets) target tracks and related targetinformation (as described above and further below) for uncooperativetargets and cooperative targets, target information server 13 preferablyincludes specialized interfaces or adaptors for each of thesesurveillance systems 11 while providing a standardized interface betweenitself and target vision server 16. This approach allows a variety ofexisting, non-standard, surveillance systems 11 to be easily integratedinto a PEVS. The standard interface between target information server 13and target vision server 16 allows for easy scaling and management ofthe PEVS system as the number of PEVDs 17 grows.

Another embodiment of a PEVS 30 is illustrated in FIG. 3, where now,both surveillance system(s) 11 and target information sever(s) 13 areavailable via the Cloud 80. In this case, one or more target visionservers 16 access target information as a service from the Cloud 80 overnetwork interface 15, which is preferably the Internet if the Cloud 80is public. For this embodiment, network interface 15 preferably supportsa standardized information interface that give target information server13 providers the means of easily contributing their services to thePEVS. For this embodiment, a new PEVS service provider can simply deploytarget vision server(s) 16 and provide PEVDs 17 to users. Access to therequired target information server(s) 13 in accordance with the presentinvention is preferably by way of third-party service provideragreements which provide metered access to target information in theCloud 80.

The PEVS 40 illustrated in FIG. 4 places target vision server(s) 16 inthe Cloud 80 as well, so that PEVDs 17 access target data via the Cloud80, through network interface 18, which is preferably the Internet ifthe Cloud 80 is public. In this case, PEVD 17 preferably has astandardized information interface to connect to the Cloud 80 for accessto real-time and historical target data provided via target visionserver(s) 16, in conjunction with target information server(s) 13 andsurveillance system(s) 11. For this system configuration, a PEVS usersimply needs to acquire a PEVD 17 and subscribe to a service to activatethe PEVD 17. In one embodiment, the PEVD 17 is preferably a mobiledevice such as a smart phone and the PEVS functionality is obtained bydownloading a software application and subscribing for the service froma PEVS service provider.

FIG. 5 illustrates another preferred embodiment of a PEVS 50 inaccordance with the present invention. Features presented in FIG. 5 areaequally applicable to other embodiments presented herein. Each PEVD 17connects to the Cloud 80 over a network interface 18, which ispreferably the Internet if the Cloud 80 is public. PEVD 17 preferablyhas a standardized information interface to connect to the Cloud 80 foraccess to real-time and historical target data provided via Cloud 80.For this system configuration, a PEVS user simply acquires a PEVD 17 andsubscribes to a Cloud 80 service to activate PEVD 17. PEVD 17 ispreferably configured to include three elements: a user geometry module51, a user vision processor 52 and a user display & GUI (graphical userinterface) 53. These elements can be clearly defined and separated inPEVD 17, or alternatively, combined and integrated using hardware andsoftware components and methods known to those skilled in the art. Userdata is sent from PEVD 17 to the Cloud and selected target data isreturned from the Cloud 80 to PEVD 17 over network interface 18. Networkinterface 18 is a standard network known to those skilled in the art,typically made of any combination and number of network segments (notexplicitly shown FIG. 5 and earlier figures) including wired segments(e.g. CAT5/6, ethernet, fibre, cable, twisted pair, etc) and/or wirelesssegments (e.g. cellular such 3G, 4G, LTE, etc, point-to-point, WiFi,SATCOM) forming local area network (LAN) segments and/or wide areanetwork (WAN) segments, including the Internet with all necessaryrouting to route traffic from PEVD 17 to Cloud 80.

User data includes user location information (i.e. GPS coordinates ofPEVD 17, and preferably its heading, speed and acceleration) and userview geometry information (which defines the user's FOV, indicatingwhere the user is looking; i.e. where the user's PEVD is pointedtowards) calculated by user geometry module 51. In addition, user dataincludes user target filtering selector information provided via GUI 53.Using the user data, the PEVS queries the Cloud 80 for relevant targetdata, obtains and filters as necessary the target data and sends theresulting selected target data to PEVD 17. User vision processor 52further processes selected target data received from the Cloud asnecessary, and renders display video and writes to user display 53. GUI53 provides the user interface and controls to obtain user input on TOIpreferences (i.e. particular targets of interest for rendering on PEVD),FOV definitions (such as set-range-interval, zoom features) and otherfeatures and settings (e.g. automatic target locking, user-pan) asdescribed earlier. User interface and controls can be implemented onPEVD 17 using techniques known to those skilled in the art. For example,these can be implemented with specific buttons, dials, keyboards and/orsliders mounted on the exterior of PEVD 17. They can also be built usinga touch-screen on user display 53 where the controls changeautomatically by software running on user vision processor 52, forexample, as a function of the task that the user is doing. Where thePEVD is head-mounted (as in FIG. 7), controls could be mounted on thehead-gear itself or associated accessories such as a hand-control unit(e.g. joystick) that could be wired to the head-gear or provided with awireless interface.

In FIG. 6, PEVS 60 is shown in yet another preferred embodiment. Here,target vision server 16 is present and the behind the scenes (i.e.within the Cloud 80) interaction between PEVD 17 and target visionserver 16 are shown. User data originating from PEVD 17 over networkinterface 18 results in queries sent to target vision server 16 overnetwork interface 15. Selected target data is returned from targetvision server 16 over network interface 15 to the Cloud 80, and send onto PEVD 17 over network interface 18.

In one embodiment, the PEVD 17 is preferably a mobile device such as asmart phone and the PEVS functionality is obtained by downloading asoftware application and subscribing for the service from a PEVS serviceprovider. A user geometry module 51 preferably exploits built-in GPS andaccelerometers found on mobile devices. In another embodiment, PEVD 17is a proprietary device built for carrying by a user, and could come inthe form of specialized head-mounted devices or a hand-carried devicethat is pointed in the direction of interest like a gun or telescopewould be pointed.

A preferred feature of the PEVS is the ability for a PEVD 17 to select,request, obtain and display from selected target data in the form ofhistorical target movement patterns in the vicinity of a user. Thisfeature will help a user know where to look for targets based on priortarget patterns. This is particularly useful in situations where priorpatterns are likely to be repeated, such as bird movement patterns, orvessel or air traffic patterns.

Another feature of the present invention allows the user to specifyusing PEVD 17 preferred TOIs that the user wishes to be notified ofautomatically in one or more user-specified FOVs. The monitoring can bedone locally by a user vision processor 52, or alternatively, by a PEVSsystem element external to PEVD 17. In either case, PEVD 17 provides oneor more indicators (including audio and video indicators) to the userwhen such TOIs are present. These indicators draw the user's attentionto the situation and assist the user in orienting himself towards theTOIs. For example, left/right and up/down panning arrows or a compassindicator can quickly get the user pointed in the right direction forvisual confirmation. Range and zoom indicators can help the user quicklydetermine the range of the TOIs. With a head-mounted PEVD as illustratedin FIG. 7 and discussed below, the user can quickly get a visual fix onsuch TOIs.

Various user-centric visual displays can be rendered by PEVD 17. Forexample, a plan (i.e. 2D) view display projects all targets in the FOVon a map or other image for context. The FOV could be specified as anarrow horizontal (i.e. azimuth) and vertical (i.e. elevation) sector(or sectors) and range-interval, or can be relaxed to full extent inrange, 360 deg in azimuth and full hemisphere vertical coverage so allavailable targets can be viewed. Additional, user-centric FOVs can alsobe defined. For example, in addition to the forward looking FOV, a usercould specify a backwards looking FOV so that he could in effect haveeyes in the back of his head. TOIs in such additional FOVs could bedisplayed in a special area of the PEVDs user display. 3D views can alsobe rendered, including ones showing TOIs in a realistic-like 3Dprojection. Identified targets can be displayed with actual target video(i.e. if the target is known, such as a particular vessel), oralternatively, with animated video to create as realistic a view aspossible. A target's radar cross-section and dynamics can be used torender different classes of unknown targets (e.g. small craft, cargovessel, small aircraft, large aircraft). If synthetic aperture radarimagery, inverse synthetic aperture radar imagery, or other sensorimagery is available through the PEVS, it can be sent to the PEVDs aswell for display. Additional FOV controls are also optionally provided.For example, the user can zoom/jump to the next nearest target in theFOV, or the fastest target, or slowest target or smallest target in theFOV.

Optionally, earth-views (including Google's Street-View which providescamera-derived, 3D panoramic views of the surroundings) can beintegrated into the rendered video so that displayed TOIs can be viewedin their surroundings.

A head-mounted PEVD 72 in accordance with the present invention isillustrated in FIG. 7. It incorporates all features of PEVD 17. FOV 71is illustrated in the direction where the user (and head-mounted PEVD)is pointed. As the user turns his head, the FOV 71 turns with him sothat only TOIs in the FOV are displayed. The user display 74 associatedwith PEVD 72 is provided in a goggle-like form factor directly in frontthe eyes, or offset above or below the eyes, allowing the users owneyes, even with the aid of binoculars, to be used in conjunction withuser display 74 to find particular TOIs. User display 74 can be aheads-up or projected display on glass that allows the user to seethrough user display 74. If integrated with binoculars or camera 78, theuser can preferably look through binoculars or camera 78 by lookinghorizontally straight in front of the eyes, and can look at the userdisplay 74 by angling eyes upwards (or downwards in an alternatearrangement), similar to using bifocal glasses. Bearing(azimuth/elevation) or pan (left/right and up/down) indicators on theuser display 74 assist the user in visually turning towards anyparticular selected TOI being displayed in the FOV. User geometry module76 contains GPS and accelerometers to provide real-time look geometryinformation, and communications module 75 provides the two-way datacommunications between PEVD 72 and the rest of the PEVS system.

An optional feature of PEVD 72 is a coupled, high-powered active/passivecamera 78 that is head-mounted so that it is directionally synchronizedwith PEVD 72 and cued by PEVD 72 to zoom to a selected TOI to give theuser with a close-up, video view of a TOI. Unlike unassisted cameras ornight-vision goggles, PEVD 72 is directed to a TOT automatically by thePEVS.

PEVD 72 could also be used as part of a bionic vision system to restoresight to a blind person with the aid of synthetic target vision inaccordance with this invention. Goggle-mounted user display 74 couldtransmit its video using high-frequency radio signals to a microchipimplanted in the retina of a blind person. Electrodes on this implantedchip translate these signals to electrical impulses that stimulate cellsin the retina connected to the optic nerve which drive vision processingand image formation in the brain. With such a device, a blind personcould actually learn to fly as he could see a user-centric, syntheticand dynamic rendering of the earth environment along with visualizationaircraft TOIs in his field of view.

Another feature of the present PEVS is that the interactions between thePEVS and individual PEVDs can be recorded and played back for real worldsimulations and training. The recording is low-bandwidth and can be donein the Cloud 80, on the target vision server or even on individual PEVDsas the interaction between the PEVD and the Cloud/target vision serveris available to both.

Preferably, embodiments of the personal electronic vision system 10, 20,30 and 40 disclosed herein aim to take advantage of standardized COTStechnologies to the maximum extent possible in order to keep the systemcost low and to provide for low life cycle costs associated withmaintainability, upgrade ability and training. Preferably, COTSsurveillance systems 11 are used, or target tracks from existingsurveillance systems are leveraged through subscription services toaffordably provide the target location data exploited by the presentinvention. COTS personal computers (PC) are used preferably in relationto the target information servers 13 and target vision servers 16. AndPEVDs 17 are preferably COTS mobile devices with built-in GPS, heading,and view-geometry (e.g. using built-in accelerometers) reportingcapabilities.

Particular features of our invention have been described herein.However, simple variations and extensions known to those skilled in theart are certainly within the scope and spirit of the present invention.This includes variations on integration of the functional blocksdescribed herein. For instance, user vision processor 52 may beconfigured for generating alphanumeric messages on user display and GUI53 that describe various targets rendered on the display. Thealphanumeric messages may include, for instance, names for the targetsand descriptive particulars including speed, heading, and size, as wellas generic designations such as fighter plane, propeller plane, bird,container ship, pleasure craft, heavy truck, man, etc.

It is to be understood that user geometry module 51 and user visionprocessor 52 may be implemented by hard-wired integrated circuit.Alternatively, user geometry module 51 and user vision processor 52 maybe realized in the form of generic microprocessor processing circuitsconfigured by programming to carry out the various functions describedherein. As indicated above, the programming may be transmitted in theform of an application program to a personal electronic vision devicesuch as a smart phone. User geometry module 51 and user vision processor52 serve in part as means for rendering, on user display and GUI 53,targets relative to each user's respective location.

1-48. (canceled)
 49. A personal, electronic target vision system fordisplaying real-time representations of moving targets to one or moremobile users relative to a dynamic or real-time location of eachrespective user, comprising: a target information server storinglocation updates for moving objects in a wide-geographical-areasurveillance volume; one or more sensors operatively connected to saidtarget information server for providing thereto location updates for allmoving objects detectible by said one or more sensors in saidwide-geographical-area surveillance volume; a target vision serveroperatively connected to said target information server for transmittingthereto requests in response to respective target selection informationreceived by said target vision server from one or more personalelectronic vision devices, said target information server providing tosaid target vision server multiple different sets of target locationinformation as to moving objects in said wide-geographical-areasurveillance volume selected in response to respective ones of saidrequests from said target vision server, said target vision server beingconfigured to respond to said personal electronic vision devices withrespective ones of said multiple different sets of target locationinformation provided to said target vision server by said targetinformation server in response to the respective target selectioninformation, said respective target location information pertaining atleast in part to near-instantaneous or real-time locations of movingobjects within a determinable distance of the respective user and withinsaid wide-geographical-area surveillance volume, each of said personalelectronic vision devices displaying a respective set of targets on auser-centric display in accordance with a respective one of saidmultiple different sets of target location information, said respectivetargets being rendered at respective target locations and continuouslyand automatically updated without any user intervention in at leastapproximately real time, so that the display of said respective targetson the personal electronic vision device of said respective user isrelative to the dynamic or real-time location of said respective user,where said user's dynamic or real-time location is also updatedautomatically in accordance with the continuous movement of said user.50. The system in claim 49 wherein said target selection informationincludes information taken from a group consisting of user locationinformation, user field of view information which includes the forwarddirection that the user's personal electronic vision device is pointedtowards, information characterizing other fields of view of interest tosaid user, user preference information, and the user's cloud servicessubscriber information, so that said selected targets are found in thevicinity of said user in accordance with said target selectioninformation.
 51. (canceled)
 52. The system in claim 50 where, inaccordance with said respective target selection information, saidtargets are taken from a group consisting of vessels, land vehicles,birds, aircraft, planets, space objects, animals, and people. 53.(canceled)
 54. (canceled)
 55. (canceled)
 56. The system in claim 50wherein said user location information includes a viewing geometryindicative of an aspect angle and a field of view of interest to therespective user.
 57. The system in claim 56 wherein said aspect anglerepresents a direction vector associated with the forward direction inwhich said user's personal electronic vision device is pointed towards,and said field of view represents an angular region about said directionvector and a zoom factor associated with a range of interest of therespective user.
 58. The system in claim 49 wherein said targets areuncooperative targets.
 59. The system in claim 49 wherein said sensorsare taken from a group consisting of radars, including airportsurveillance radars and national weather radars, and cameras, includingdaytime and nighttime cameras.
 60. The system in claim 49 wherein eachof said sensors is a radar, and the set of sensors form a wide-arearadar network.
 61. The system in claim 60 wherein said sensors include3D radar sensors that provide said target location information.
 62. Thesystem in claim 49 wherein said target information server is in theCloud.
 63. The system in claim 49 wherein said target vision server isin the Cloud.
 64. The system in claim 49 wherein said personalelectronic vision devices include mobile devices taken from a groupconsisting of smart phones, tablet PCs, PCs, and head-mounted devices.65. The system in claim 64 wherein said head-mounted devices eachinclude said user-centric display, which is offset from the user's eyes,thereby allowing the respective user to use the personal electronicvision system to direct his eyes to a particular target. 66-72.(canceled)
 73. The system in claim 49, further comprising said personalelectronic vision devices, wherein each said personal electronic visiondevice, in addition to said user-centric display, includes a usergeometry module for continuously calculating the respective user'sdynamic field of view, a user vision processor for carrying out thefunctions of said device and a graphical user interface for obtaininguser preferences and providing controls to the respective user tooperate the respective personal electronic vision device.
 74. The systemin claim 73 wherein each said personal electronic vision device isconfigured for automatically notifying said respective user when atarget of interest appears in accordance with said respective targetselection information.
 75. The system in claim 49 wherein said renderingof said selected target location information on said user-centricdisplay includes visualizations taken from a group consisting of 2D planviews, 3D projection views, target images, target videos, targetanimations, target remote sensing imagery, and earth-views showinggeographic surroundings. 76-105. (canceled)
 106. The system in claim 50wherein at least one of said personal electronic vision devices ismounted on a mobile platform taken from a group consisting of vehicles,vessels and aircraft, and where the direction that said at least one ofsaid personal electronic vision devices is pointed toward is determinedby the orientation of said mobile platform.
 107. The system in claim 49wherein said personal electronic vision device of said respective useris mounted on a mobile platform taken from a group consisting ofvehicles, vessels and aircraft, and where the location information ofsaid respective user is determined by the location of said mobileplatform.
 108. The system in claim 107 wherein said visualization ofsaid selected targets on said user-centric display locates and orientssaid selected targets in a North-up configuration.
 109. The system inclaim 107 wherein said visualization of said selected targets on saiduser-centric display locates and orients said selected targets in aForward-up configuration in accordance with said forward direction ofsaid personal electronic vision device.
 110. A method for displayingmoving targets to one or more mobile users relative to the dynamiclocation of each respective user, comprising: operating a targetinformation server to store location updates for all detectible movingobjects in a wide-geographical-area surveillance volume and to provide,to a target vision server, multiple different sets of target locationinformation pertaining to respective selected subsets of said detectiblemoving objects in response to respective requests from said targetvision server; also operating said target information server to receivelocation updates from one or more sensors for all moving objectsdetectible by said one or more sensors in said wide-geographical-areasurveillance volume, said one or more sensors being operativelyconnected to said target information server; operating said targetvision server to receive respective target selection information fromone or more personal electronic vision devices and to transmit, to saidtarget information server, said respective requests in response to saidrespective target selection information; further operating said targetvision server to receive said multiple different sets of target locationinformation from said target information server for targets selectedfrom among all said detectible moving objects in accordance with saidrespective requests, said multiple different sets of target locationinformation pertaining at least in part to near-instantaneous orreal-time locations of moving objects within determinable distances ofthe respective users and within said wide-geographical-area surveillancevolume; and additionally operating said target vision server to respondto said personal electronic vision devices with respective ones of saidmultiple different sets of target location information provided to saidtarget vision server by said target information server, so that each ofsaid personal electronic vision devices can display respective targetsto its associated user on a user-centric display such that saidrespective targets are rendered at respective target locations andcontinuously and automatically updated without any user intervention inat least approximately real time and so that the visualization of saidrespective targets by said associated user is relative to the dynamiclocation of said associated user, where said associated user's dynamicor real-time location is also updated automatically in accordance withthe continuous movement of said associated user.
 111. The method inclaim 110 wherein said target selection information includes informationtaken from a group consisting of user location information, user fieldof view information which includes the forward direction that the user'spersonal electronic vision device is pointed towards, informationcharacterizing other fields of view of interest to said user, userpreference information, and the user's cloud services subscriberinformation, so that said selected targets are found in the vicinity ofsaid user in accordance with said target selection information.
 112. Themethod in claim 111 wherein said selected target location information isprovided in real-time so that the respective user can visualize saidselected targets in real-time.
 113. The method in claim 111 where, inaccordance with said respective target selection information, saidtargets are taken from a group consisting of vessels, land vehicles,birds, aircraft, planets, space objects, animals, and people.
 114. Themethod in claim 113 wherein said users are moving.
 115. The method inclaim 113 wherein said user location information includes a viewinggeometry indicative of an aspect angle and a field of view of interestto the respective user.
 116. The method in claim 115 wherein said aspectangle represents a direction vector associated with the forwarddirection in which said user's personal electronic vision device ispointed towards, and said field of view represents an angular regionabout said direction vector and a zoom factor associated with a range ofinterest of the respective user.
 117. The method in claim 113 whereinsaid targets are uncooperative targets.
 118. The method in claim 117wherein said sensors are taken from a group consisting of radars,including airport surveillance radars and national weather radars, andcameras, including daytime and nighttime cameras.
 119. The method inclaim 113 wherein each of said sensors is a radar, and the set ofsensors form a wide-area radar network.
 120. The method in claim 118wherein said sensors include 3D radar sensors that provide said targetlocation information.
 121. The method in claim 111 wherein said targetinformation server is in the Cloud.
 122. The method in claim 111 whereinsaid target vision server is in the Cloud.
 123. The method in claim 111wherein said personal electronic vision devices include mobile devicestaken from a group consisting of smart phones, tablet PCs, PCs, andhead-mounted devices.
 124. The method in claim 123 wherein saidhead-mounted devices each include said user-centric display, which isoffset from the user's eyes, thereby allowing the respective user to usethe personal electronic vision system to direct his eyes to a particulartarget.
 125. The method in claim 124, wherein said head-mounted deviceseach further include integrated binoculars or camera to allow therespective user to more easily find and view video of distant and hardto see targets.
 126. The method in claim 125, wherein said video istransmitted to a microchip implanted in the retina of a blind person,allowing said blind person to find and see targets of interest.
 127. Themethod in claim 111 wherein said target location updates are forcooperative targets using cooperative communication devices taken from agroup consisting of automatic identification system on vessels, GPS onvehicles and aircraft, RFIDs and satellite tags on birds, and computermodels for planets and space objects.
 128. The method in claim 111wherein said personal electronic vision devices include controls to lockonto a particular target to keep the target within the display limits ofsaid user-centric display.
 129. The method in claim 111, furthercomprising operating said personal electronic vision devices, theoperating of said personal electronic vision devices including:operating a user geometry module in each of said personal electronicdevices to continuously calculate the respective user's dynamic field ofview, operating a user vision processor in each of said personalelectronic devices to carry out the functions of said device, operatinga graphical user interface in each of said personal electronic devicesto obtain user preferences and to provide controls to the respectiveusers to operate the respective personal electronic vision devices. 130.The method in claim 129 wherein each said personal electronic visiondevice is configured for automatically notifying said respective userwhen a target of interest appears in accordance with said respectivetarget selection information.
 131. The method in claim 111 wherein saidrendering of said selected target location information on saiduser-centric display includes visualizations taken from a groupconsisting of 2D plan views, 3D projection views, target images, targetvideos, target animations, target remote sensing imagery, andearth-views showing geographic surroundings.
 132. The method in claim111 wherein at least one of said personal electronic vision devices ismounted on a mobile platform taken from a group consisting of vehicles,vessels and aircraft, and where the direction that said at least one ofsaid personal electronic vision devices is pointed toward is determinedby the orientation of said mobile platform.
 133. The method in claim 111wherein said personal electronic vision device is mounted on a mobileplatform taken from a group consisting of vehicles, vessels andaircraft, and where the said user's location information is determinedby the location of said mobile platform.
 134. The method in claim 110wherein said visualization of said selected targets on said user-centricdisplay locates and orients said selected targets in a North-upconfiguration.
 135. The method in claim 111 wherein said visualizationof said selected targets on said user-centric display locates andorients said selected targets in a Forward-up configuration inaccordance with said forward direction of said personal electronicvision device.
 136. A method for displaying moving targets to one ormore mobile users relative to the dynamic location of each respectiveone of said one or more mobile users, comprising: receiving at a targetinformation server, from one or more sensors operatively connected tosaid target information server, object location updates for all objectsdetectible by said one or more sensors and moving in awide-geographical-area surveillance volume; operating said targetinformation server to store the object location updates and to providemultiple different sets of target location information to a targetvision server in the Cloud in response to respective requests from saidtarget vision server; accessing said target vision server in the Cloudto receive respective target selection information from one or morepersonal electronic vision devices and to transmit, to said targetinformation server, said respective requests in response to saidrespective target selection information; further accessing said targetvision server to receive said multiple different sets of target locationinformation from said target information server for selected targets inaccordance with said respective requests, the received multipledifferent sets of target location information pertaining at least inpart to near-instantaneous or real-time locations of moving objectswithin determinable distances of respective users of said one or morepersonal electronic vision devices; and additionally accessing saidtarget vision server to transmit to said personal electronic visiondevices respective ones of said multiple different sets of targetlocation information provided to said target vision server by saidtarget information server for respective selected targets, so that eachof said personal electronic vision devices can display said respectiveselected targets to an associated user on a user-centric display suchthat said respective selected targets are rendered at respectivelocations and continuously and automatically updated without any userintervention in at least approximately real time so that visualizationof said respective selected targets by said associated user is relativeto the dynamic location of said associated user, where said associateduser's dynamic or real-time location is also updated automatically inaccordance with the continuous movement of said associated user. 137.The method in claim 136 wherein said target selection informationincludes information taken from a group consisting of user locationinformation, user field of view information which includes the forwarddirection that the user's personal electronic vision device is pointedtowards, information characterizing other fields of view of interest tosaid user, user preference information, and the user's cloud servicessubscriber information, so that said selected targets are found in thevicinity of said user in accordance with said target selectioninformation.
 138. The method in claim 137 wherein at least one of saidpersonal electronic vision devices is mounted on a mobile platform takenfrom a group consisting of vehicle, vessel and aircraft, and where therespective user's location information is determined by the location ofsaid mobile platform.
 139. The method in claim 136 wherein the locationof said respective user includes the look direction or orientation ofthe personal electronic vision device of said respective user, said lookdirection or orientation including the horizontal bearing angle of thepersonal electronic vision device of said respective user.
 140. Themethod in claim 139 wherein said personal electronic vision device ismounted on a mobile platform taken from a group consisting of vehicle,vessel and aircraft, and where said look direction or orientation isdetermined by the orientation of said mobile platform.
 141. A method fordisplaying representations of moving targets to one or more mobileusers, comprising: accessing a target vision server, the accessing ofsaid target vision server including transferring selection informationto said target vision server from one or more personal electronic visiondevices, said selection information including locations of said one ormore personal electronic vision devices; prompting said target visionserver to formulate an information request in accordance with saidselection information and send said information request to a targetinformation server that receives and stores object location updates forall detectible objects moving in a wide-geographical-area surveillancevolume; further prompting said target vision server to receive multipledifferent sets of target location information transmitted from thetarget information server in response to said information request and toselectively provide the received multiple different sets of targetlocation information to respective ones of said one or more personalelectronic vision devices for display to the respective users of saidone or more personal electronic vision devices so that said respectiveusers can visualize target location information relative to dynamic ornear-real-time locations of said respective users, where the dynamic ornear-real-time locations of said respective users are updatedautomatically in accordance with the continuous movement of saidrespective users, said selected target location information pertainingat least in part to near-instantaneous or near-real-time locations ofmoving objects within determinable distances of said respective users.142. The system in claim 49 wherein said target information server isconfigured to provide to said target vision server historical targetlocation information as to past movements of objects in saidwide-geographical-area surveillance volume selected in response to saidrequests from said target vision server, said target vision server beingconfigured to provide said historical target location information tosaid one or more personal electronic vision devices.
 143. The method inclaim 110 wherein the operating of said target information server toprovide target location information to said target vision server inresponse to requests from said target vision server includes operatingsaid target information server to provide historical target locationinformation pertaining to past movements of selected ones of saiddetectible moving objects.
 144. The system in claim 64, wherein saidhead-mounted devices each further include integrated binoculars orcamera to allow the respective user to more easily find and view videoof distant and hard to see targets.